Education Ettitude (Cross-cultural Understanding)

“Education Ettitude”

       A.    Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.

Education is commonly divided formally into such stages as preschool or kindergarten, primary school, secondary school and then college, university, or apprenticeship. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education)

1.      Definition of Education According to Experts Education

a.       Ki Hajar Devantoro more familiarly called the father of Indonesian Education, argued that the definition of education is guiding the growth and development of children. That is, education is an attempt to lead the power of nature in every child so that they can grow and develop as human beings and as members of society who can reach salvation and happiness in their lives.

b.      Ahmad D. Marimba, education is a conscious guidance by educators to students with the aim of shaping the personality of the main physical and spiritual.

c.       Gunning and Kohnstamm, education is a process of formation and development of conscience, in which a person is able to establish and define themselves in an ethical manner based on conscience.

(http://www.pelangiblog.com/2016/07/pengertian-dan-definisi-pendidikan.html)

      B.     Ettitude

Attitude is the feelings, thoughts, and the tendency of someone who is more or less permanent familiar with certain aspects of the environment. The components of attitude is knowledge. feelings, and a tendency to act.

(http://www.pengertianahli.com/2014/03/pengertian-sikap-apa-itu-sikap.html)

1.      Understanding the attitude of some experts:

a.       Notoatmodjo S. (1997): Attitude is a reaction or response which was still closed and a person to a stimulus or object.

b.      Bimo Walgito, (2001): Attitude is the opinion of the organization, a person's beliefs about the object or situation that is relatively steady, which is accompanied by a certain feeling, and provided a basis for the person to make a response or berpenilaku in a certain way it chooses.

     C.    Education Ettitude

        Education attitude (affective) is closely related to one's own values. The attitude is a reflection of a shared value. Therefore, educational attitude is basically educational value. Value is a concept that is in the human mind that is hidden, is not in the empirical world. Values associated with one's view of good and bad, beautiful and not beautiful, worthy and unworthy, unfair and unjust, and so forth. One's views about all it does is intangible, we just might be able to tell from the behavior in question. Therefore the value is essentially the standards of conduct, measure or criterion that determines a person of good and bad, beautiful and not beautiful, worthy and unworthy, and so forth, so that the standards which will color the person's behavior. Thus, the value of education is basically the process of planting a value to the learner is expected therefore that students can behave in accordance with the views he thinks is right and does not conflict with the norms in force.

        Gulo (2005) concluded on the following values:

a.       Values can not be taught but it is known from her appearance.

b.      Affective domain development in value can not be separated from the cognitive and psychomotor aspects.

c.       Problem the value is emotional problems and therefore subject to change, evolve, so it could be developed.

d.      The development of values or moral  did not happen at once, but through certain stages.

(http://mizaneducation.blogspot.co.id/2012/01/hakikat-pendidikan-nilai-dan-sikap.html)

      D.    Conclusion

        Education attitude (affective) is closely related to one's own values. The attitude is a reflection of a shared value. Therefore, educational attitude is basically educational value.

Educational value is basically the process of planting a value to the learner is expected therefore that students can behave in accordance with the views he thinks is right and does not conflict with the norms in force.

References

1.      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education

2.      http://mizaneducation.blogspot.co.id/2012/01/hakikat-pendidikan-nilai-dan-sikap.html

3.      http://www.pelangiblog.com/2016/07/pengertian-dan-definisi-pendidikan.html

4.      http://www.pengertianahli.com/2014/03/pengertian-sikap-apa-itu-sikap.html

                       

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The Relationship Between Language and Culture

“The relationship between language and culture”

A.    Terms of Language and Culture

Indonesian term, the same as the language, in English, taal in Dutch, Sprache in German, lughatun in Arabic, and the language in Sanskrit. Those terms, each having its own aspect, according to his thinking, to mention a cultural element that has a very broad aspect, so it is a concept that is not easily defined. as in the said right by experts:

    1.     According sturtevent, language is arbitrary symbol system, a sound that is in use by members of a social group for cooperation and interconnected.

    2.     According to Chomsky, language is a set of sentences, each finite length and contructed out of a finite set of elements.

    3.     According Keraf, language is a means of communication between members of the public, in the form of the symbol of the voice generated by the human vocal organs.

     4.      According to Von Humboldt, language is a synthesis of these two forms, that is the form of sound (Platform) and the from of mind (Ideenform) (Simanjuntak, 1983: 244).

    5.     According to Edward Sapir, language is a guide for a social reality. Languages also determine certain choices of interpretation in advance. (http://muhammadanwar-ss.blogspot.co.id/2012/05/hubungan-bahasa-dan-budaya.html)

        Culture according to Clifford Geertz as mentioned by Fedyani Syaifuddin in his book Anthropology kotemporer the system of symbols consisting of symbols and meanings are shared, and public. In line with the above opinion Claud Levi - Strauss views culture as the structural system of symbols and meanings are shared, which can be identified, and the public.
 

      B.     Relations Language and Culture

Language and culture are the two things are interrelated. This is evidenced by the many phenomena or realities that show the relationship between language and culture. The relationship could be a transformation, influence each other, and so forth. According Koentjaraningrat as quoted Abdul Chaer and Leonie in his book Sociolinguistics that language is part of culture. so, the relationship between language and culture is a subordinate relationship, where the language was under the cultural environment. But there is another opinion which says that the language and culture have a coordinative relations, namely the relationship which is equal, the same height position. (downloaded from https://donyprisma.wordpress.com/2012/05/17/hubungan-bahasa-dan-budaya/ on 27 September 2016)

Semoga Bermanfaat :-)

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What Is Culture

WHAT IS CULTURE

A.    Definition of Culture

Culture is a way of life that is growing, and is owned jointly by a group of people, and passed down from generation to generation. Culture is made up of many complex elements, including religious and political system, customs, languages, tools, clothing, buildings, and works of art. The word "culture" derives from a French term, which in turn derives from the Latin "colere," which means to tend to the earth and grow, or cultivation and nurture.

Soelaiman Soemardi & Selosoemardjan explained that a culture is a fruit or a work of authorship and a sense of community. A culture does have a very close relationship with developments in society. An archaeologist, R. Seokmono explained that culture is the result of work or human effort in the form of objects or results of human thought the days of his life. While Effat al-Syarqawi define a culture based on the viewpoint of Islam, he explained that culture is a historical treasure of a society that is reflected in the testimony and the values that lay down that a life must have meaning and spiritual purpose.

Lehman, Himstreet, and Batty defined culture as a collection of some of the life experiences that exist at a particular group of people. Life is meant to be a belief, behavior, and lifestyles of a society. While Parsudi Suparian, said culture will underlie all behavior in society, as a culture of human knowledge are all used to know and understand the environment and the experiences that happened to him.

Culture in Indonesia is very influential in the development of time from time to time and the changing natural conditions that exist in Indonesia. This is in accordance with the opinion of an expert from Indonesia, Ki Hajar Dewantara, who explained that culture is the result of society's struggle against nature and the times that prove the prosperity and the glory of life in dealing with or facing difficulties and obstacles to achieving prosperity, security and happiness in life ,

B.     Culture According to experts

1.      According Koentjaraningrat, culture is a system of ideas and taste, an action and the work produced by humans in the life of society, which made hers with learning.

2.     According to Kluckhohn and Kelly, Culture is everything living concept created historically, either implicit or explicit, irrational, rational, which exist at a time, as a reference potential for human behavior.

3.      According E.B. Taylor, Culture is a complex whole which includes belief, morality, art, customs, laws, abilities and other habits that are often studied by humans as part of the community.

4.     According to Linton, Culture is the entirety of the attitudes and behavior patterns and knowledge which is a custom inherited and owned by a member of a particular community.

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The importance of understanding Culture in studying foreign Language

    “The importance of understanding Culture in studying foreign  Language”

      A.    Importance of Understanding Culture

Humans grow and develop in their own cultural environment so as to form and create ways of thinking and behaving that is typical for its members. This way of thinking and behaving that is the result of 'cultural conditioning' cultural conditioning through a long process of education and teaching provided for generations by parents, teachers, and the community around us either directly or indirectly. Often, we feel confident that the way of thinking and behaving as well as cultural system that we have adopted is a system that is good, true, and normal.

Problems will arise when we make contact or interact with people who come from different cultural environments, because the people who come from different cultural environments that have patterns, expectations, needs, and choices based on their own cultural conditioning which also lasted for generations that may be very different from the other people in the neighborhood.

The understanding of the culture of other people or culture of a society is very important, especially for people who call it working in the tourism industry and's Hospitality, including managers, decision-makers, officials who work in day-to-day relations, interaction or direct contact with the people who are coming from and have different cultures. Broadly speaking, cross-cultural understanding among others include an understanding of the values, beliefs, attitudes, thinking patterns, customs, habits, language and ways of communicating.

      B.     Culture and Foreign Language Learning

Learning a foreign country's culture can’t be separated from the language of the foreign country anyway. Because language is a part of the culture so that if there is a foreign culture into Indonesian, then automatically a foreign language also accompanied him. Conversely if we learn a foreign language, then we must also study the culture in the foreign country. use plain wrong form may be considered rude and disrespectful and result Loosening ties. Therefore, caution that we should pay attention to when can wear regular form, we should need to understand
relationships with each other viewed from the age, superior and subordinate relationships. So if we do not know very well the situation better wear
polite form. This is what I mean by learning foreign languages should also learn the culture as well. and vice versa, when learning a foreign culture, automatically we will also be confronted with the foreign language as well as both a unity. So that along with the influence of foreign culture, a foreign language also boa! A great influence. this is evident by the increasing number of Indonesian people who are interested in studying a foreign language.

     Learning a language without the cultural framework in which it exists is like cooking ethnic food without the spices of the region. You simply will remove all of the flavor from the language. If you are lucky enough to be able to travel or live in the country for awhile, great! If not, try to learn as much as you can by reading books and magazines from the country and watching its television programs so that you can get a feel for how the people think, act and speak.

      C.    My conclusion

“So to make it easier to learn a foreign language we need to know the culture of the stranger”

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